盐胁迫对羽衣甘蓝种子萌发的影响

为探明盐胁迫对羽衣甘蓝种子萌发特性的影响，明确种子萌发期对盐胁迫的耐受能力，本试验以羽衣甘蓝种子为试验材料，研究不同浓度的NaCL（0、40、80、120、160、200mmol/l）和NaHCO（3 0、20、30、40、50、60mmol/l）对种子萌发胁迫的作用。结果表明:1、2 种盐胁迫处理下，羽衣甘蓝种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等指标均随着盐浓度的升高逐渐降低；2、高浓度的NaHCO³盐溶液对羽衣甘蓝种子的胚根、胚芽的生长抑制较NaCL 盐溶液显著；3、2 种盐     

配方施肥改善米老排容器苗生长指标

为筛选米老排容器苗最佳施肥组合,采用L₁₆ (4 ⁵)正交试验设计和等量施肥法,研究N、P和K肥3因素对米老排容器苗苗高、地径、生物量以及养分利用的影响。研究结果表明：不同施肥组合处理对米老排容器苗苗高、地径、总生物量等指标均有着显著影响,配方施肥对米老排容器苗的生长发育具有明显促进作用;3种肥料对米老排容器苗苗高生长的影响效应均是N>P>K,其施肥最优组合是N₁P₃K₂（每株施N、P和K分别为50、50、60 mg）,对地径生长和生物量积累影响效应均为N>K>P,施肥最优组合分别是N₁P₄K₂（每株施N、P和K分别为50、60、60 mg）和N₁P₄K₁（每株施N、P和K分别为50、60、45 mg）;合理的配方施肥能有效提高米老排苗木的养分利用效率。综合苗木各指标看,米老排容器苗最优施肥配方是：N₁P₄K₁（每株施N、P和K分别为50、60、45 mg）。     

Effect of l‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate supplementation on growth performance,body composition,antioxidative capacity and salinity stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid (AsA), in the form of l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (LAPP) on growth performance, body composition, antioxidative capacity and salinity stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Five practical diets (46% crude protein and 7.6% lipid) supplemented with graded levels of AsA (14.64, 48.55, 84.98, 308.36 and 639.27 mg kg^?1 diet) were fed to five replicate groups of L. vannamei (mean initial wet weight 0.57 g). No significant differences were found on growth performance among all treatments. However, whole body lipid content significantly decreased with dietary AsA levels increasing. Activities of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly affected by dietary AsA levels. Shrimp fed LAPP‐free diet had higher malondialdehyde content than those fed the diets supplemented with LAPP. Dietary AsA levels higher than 308.36 mg kg^?1 diet increased the survival of shrimps after 1, 2 and 3 h of acute salinity change. Broken‐line regression analysis on survival after 3 h of salinity stress and second‐degree polynomial regression analysis on glutathione reductase data indicated that the optimal dietary AsA requirement of L. vannamei was estimated to be 306.39, 319.75 mg kg^?1 diet respectively.     

Effect of N-acetyl cysteine and glycine supplementation on growth performance,glutathione synthesis,and antioxidative ability of grass carp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idella</Emphasis>

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and glycine supplementation on growth performance, glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and antioxidative ability of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Four practical diets were formulated: control, control + 0.2% NAC, control + 0.5% glycine, and control + 0.2% NAC + 0.5% glycine. Each diet was randomly assigned to quadruplicate groups of 30 fish (approximately 8.8 g). Weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly increased with the supplementation of NAC. Supplementation of NAC plus glycine significantly increased the feed efficiency. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and γ-glutamine cysteine synthase (γ-GCS) in plasma were significantly increased with the supplementation of NAC plus glycine. GSH in plasma increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in fish fed diets supplemented with NAC. Respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity were not affected by NAC or glycine. These results clearly indicated that NAC improved the growth performance and restored GSH of grass carp, supplemented NAC together with glycine enhanced GSH synthesis, and improved the antioxidative ability of grass carp.     

煮熟和干燥处理对黄藤笋抗氧化活性的影响

通过测定黄藤熟笋、生笋(鲜切笋)、熟笋干和生笋干的水和4种不同浓度乙醇提取物中的自由基清除能力、总还原能力、总多酚含量和总黄酮含量,研究了煮熟、干燥加工方法对黄藤笋提取物抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,煮熟处理能保持或提高提取物的抗氧化活性,干燥处理则相反。乙醇提取物比水提取物具有更高的抗氧化活性,以50%~75%的乙醇提取溶剂效果最好。熟笋在所有溶剂中的自由基清除能力、总还原能力、总多酚含量和总黄酮含量均表现出最高水平,表明煮熟是黄藤笋适宜的加工利用方式。     

基于SSR分子标记的闽楠(Phoebe bournei)核心种质的构建

为更好地发掘和利用现有闽楠种质资源,本研究利用7个SSR位点对江西和福建16个闽楠群体的237份材料进行基因型分析,采用逐步聚类(随机取样策略,位点优先取样策略)和模拟退火算法(等位基因数目最大化策略,遗传距离最大化策略)4种取样方法构建闽楠核心种质,并将各遗传多样性指标进行分析。结果表明:7个SSR位点共检测到50个等位基因,平均为7.143,平均有效等位基因为2.115,Shannon信息指数为0.778,观测杂合度为0.302,期望杂合度为0.442。基于逐步聚类方法构建的核心种质相较于基于模拟退火算法构建的核心种质各遗传参数指标都相对较高。对其进行t检验后,选择以基于逐步聚类位点优先取样策略在25%的取样比例下选取的种质为核心种质,其等位基因数、平均有效等位基因数、多态性位点百分率、Shannon多样性指数的保留率分别为初始种质的98%、104.92%、90.09%、97.94%。筛选出的59份核心种质材料能够较好地代表闽楠种质资源的遗传多样性,为闽楠的种质资源保存提供科学依据。     

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus spp. isolated from tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) cultured in river-based cage and earthen ponds in Northern Thailand

Streptococcus spp. are major pathogenic bacteria associated with massive mortality in tilapia. This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) and Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae) isolated from tilapia in river-based floating cage and earthen pond farms in northern Thailand. Isolates were identified by biochemical and molecular analyses. Capsular typing, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing were performed to investigate the genetic relatedness. Six and one isolates were confirmed as GBS and S. iniae, respectively. All Streptococcus spp. isolates were obtained from 4 river-based cage farms (4/33), while samples collected from earthen pond farms (N = 28) were negative for streptococcosis. All GBS with serotype Ⅲ and sequence type (ST) 283 was observed. The β-haemolytic GBS isolates were resistant to five antimicrobials, while the S. iniae was susceptible to all antimicrobials. This study indicates both GBS and S. iniae are the major bacterial pathogens responsible for streptococcosis infection in farmed tilapia of northern Thailand with GBS as dominant species. This survey highlights that the river-based cage farms seriously impact on the healthy development of the tilapia industry.     

抗菌药联用对海藻希瓦菌的体外抗菌效果

为评价硫酸庆大霉素和头孢噻肟钠对水产致病性海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外联合抗菌效果,以6种渔用抗菌药作为对照,比较测定硫酸庆大霉素、头孢噻肟钠对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外抗菌作用,在此基础上进一步采用试管二倍稀释法测定分析硫酸庆大霉素和头孢噻肟钠在不同复配比例下对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外联合抑菌作用,并通过时间-杀菌曲线法测定其体外联合杀菌效果。试验结果显示,硫酸庆大霉素和头孢噻肟钠对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的最小抑菌质量浓度为80 mg/L和160 mg/L,抗菌活性明显优于甲砜霉素、多西环素、噁喹酸、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠、磺胺甲噁唑、盐酸恩诺沙星等渔用抗菌药。硫酸庆大霉素和头孢噻肟钠在复配比例8∶2和7∶3时,对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外联合抑菌效果表现为协同作用,对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的最小抑菌质量浓度达40 mg/L。此外,时间-杀菌曲线表明,40 mg/L硫酸庆大霉素和80 mg/L头孢噻肟钠对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外联合杀菌作用表现为协同效果。本研究结果证实,硫酸庆大霉素和头孢噻肟钠联用有利于提升对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外抗菌效果,可为研发水产致病性海藻希瓦菌的潜在控制药物提供理论参考。